Sunscreen with disappering color indicator

ABSTRACT

A colored, sunscreen emulsion is disclosed which employs a water-soluble dye or a blend of water-soluble dyes whose color substantially disappears when the sunscreen emulsion dries after it is spread on the skin and/or is rubbed out. The coloration in the sunscreen enables the user to more effectively protect against sunburn by allowing more complete and uniform coverage of the sunscreen on the skin. The sunscreen emulsion comprises: 
     a) at least one water-soluble dye that imparts a color other than white to the sunscreen emulsion, such that when the sunscreen emulsion dries after it is spread on the skin and/or is rubbed out, the color substantially disappears; 
     b) at least one sunscreen active in an amount effective to protect against the actinic radiation of the sun; 
     c) at least one emulsfier; 
     d) sufficient water to form the colored emulsion; 
     e) optionally, one or more emollients, humectants, dry-feel agents, waterproofing agents, preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents and fragrances as well as any other class of materials whose presence may be cosmetically, efficaciously or otherwise desirable.

BACKGROUND

Sunscreens are substances or compositions applied to the skin to protectthe skin from sunburn caused by the sun's ultraviolet rays. Whenuniformly applied to the body, sunscreens can be highly effective inprotecting against sunburn. However, sunscreen failure can occur whenareas of the body are missed because the sunscreen is hard to see orvisualize after being applied or rubbed onto the skin. Children are atgreater risk of sunburn than adults, since coverage on children's skintends to be more incomplete, uneven or inconsistent. WO 94/26233 teachesthat phenolphthalein, a color indicator, can be added to sunscreens,provided the sunscreens are formulated at a pH greater than 9.0.However, phenolphthalein can induce skin rashes and eruptions.Additionally, sunscreens with this pH are highly alkaline and also canbe irritating to the skin. WO 95/28912 teaches composite UV sunblockcompositions that may contain colored particles. When the sunscreen ofWO 95/28912 is topically applied to the skin, the sunscreen remainsvisibly colored. Accordingly, an approach was sought to provide asunscreen which could be readily visualized after the sunscreen has beenapplied to the skin and would substantially disappear when dried on theskin and/or rubbed out on the skin.

SUMMARY OF INVENTION

It has been surprisingly and unexpectedly found that although theinclusion of a water-soluble dye to a sunscreen emulsion can render thesunscreen visually colored, that such coloration would substantiallydisappear when the sunscreen emulsion dries after it is spread on theskin and/or is rubbed out.

Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention is directed towards acolored, sunscreen emulsion comprising:

a) at least one water-soluble dye that imparts a color other than whiteto the sunscreen emulsion, such that when the sunscreen emulsion driesafter it is spread on the skin and/or is rubbed out, the colorsubstantially disappears;

b) at least one sunscreen active in an amount effective to protectagainst the actinic radiation of the sun;

c) at least one emulsfier; and

d) sufficient water to form the colored emulsion.

Preferably, the water-soluble dye is an External DC color or mixturesthereof, more preferably a mixture of Ext DC violet #2 and Ext DCred#33. Most preferably the water soluble dye is a mixture of Ext DCviolet #2 and Ext DC red#33 in a ratio of 95:5, respectively. The amountof the water-soluble dye in the emulsion can range from about 0.0005 toabout 0.5 weight percent of the emulsion, preferably from about 0.01 toabout 0.05 weight percent of the emulsion. Also preferred is that theemulsion is an oil-in-water emulsion.

Optionally, the colored, sunscreen emulsion can contain one or moreadditional ingredients, including emollients, waterproofing agents,dry-feel modifiers, antimicrobial preservatives and/or fragrances.

In another embodiment, the present invention is directed towards amethod for protecting the skin against sunburn comprising topicallyapplying the sunscreen emulsion as described above to the skin.

One advantage of the present invention is that it provides a sunscreenand a method for protecting against sunburn that enables the user toapply the sunscreen more completely and uniformly to the skin, thusproviding more effective protection against sunburn.

A second advantage of the present invention is that it provides asunscreen with a color indicator which is substantially non-staining tothe skin or the clothes.

A third advantage of the present invention is that it provides a coloredsunscreen and a method for protecting against sunburn which is more funfor children to use because of the attactiveness and appealing nature ofthe color indicator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the present specification, the terms "emulsion" and "composition" canbe used interchangeably. The emulsion of the present invention containsone or more water-soluble dyes, one or more sunscreen actives, one ormore emulsifiers, water; and may optionally contain one or moreemollients, humectants, dry-feel agents, waterproofing agents,preservatives, antioxidants, chelating agents and fragrances as well asany other class of materials whose presence may be cosmetically,efficaciously or otherwise desirable.

water soluble dyes

Certified dyes are synthetic organic coal tar derivatives which aremanufactured so that each batch passes a Food & Drug Administration(FDA) purity inspection. If approved by the FDA, these dyes arecertified for use in foods, drugs, cosmetics (FDC colors), drugs andfoods only (DC colors), or in topically applied drugs and cosmetics(External DC colors). Certified dyes can be water soluble or lakes.Lakes are organic pigments prepared by precipitating a soluble dye on areactive or absorbent stratum which is an essential part of thepigment's composition. Most lakes are aluminum, barium or calciumderived. These insoluble pigments are used mostly in makeup products,either powders or liquids, when a temporary color is desired that won'tstain the skin (as oil- soluble dyes tend to do). The lakes are used inthese products along with inorganic colors such as iron oxide, zincoxide and titanium dioxide (the whitest white pigment).

Water soluble, certified dyes are used mostly in color products, notskin or hair, although it is possible to make a temporary hair colorrinse using only certified dyes. When incorporating these dyes in anemulsion, they will be soluble in the external water phase in anoil/water system. It is useful to know the solubility properties of thecertified dyes in various solvents and their stability to reactivechemicals. Table I lists some of the currently available water solublecertified dyes.

                  TABLE I                                                         ______________________________________                                        WATER-SOLUBLE DYES                                                                       FDC Blue #1                                                                   FDC Blue #2                                                                   FDC Green #3                                                                  FDC Red #3                                                                    FDC Red #4                                                                    FDC Yellow #5                                                                 FDC Yellow #6                                                                 DC Green #5                                                                   DC Red #22                                                                    DC Red #28                                                                    DC Red #33                                                                    DC Yellow #10                                                                 Ext DC Violet #2                                                              Ext DC Yellow #7                                                              DC Green #8                                                                   DC Orange #4                                                                  DC Yellow #8                                                       ______________________________________                                    

When using these dyes in an emulsion, they can be added drop by dropfrom a prepared solution to obtain or to match a particular shade. Orthe dyes can be premixed to a certain color and then added to theproduct. Below are some suggestions for premixing or blending two ormore of these dyes to obtain a particular shade (Table II).

                  TABLE II                                                        ______________________________________                                        DYE COMBINATIONS                                                                                        Olive      Dark                                     Pink       Amber   Lime   Green Beige                                                                              Brown Purple                             ______________________________________                                        FDC Red 95     --      --   --    --   --                                     #3                                                                            FDC Yellow                                                                             5     --      99   --    88   --                                     #5                                                                            DC Orange                                                                             --     93      --    5    10   50                                     #4                                                                            DC Green                                                                              --      7      --   70    --   38                                     #5                                                                            FDC Blue                                                                              --     --       1   --     2   --                                     #1                                                                            DC Yellow                                                                             --     --      --   25    --   --                                     #10                                                                           DC Red  --     --      --   --    --   12                                     #28                                                                           Ext DC  --     --      --   --    --   --    95                               Violet #2                                                                     Ext DC  --     --      --   --    --   --     5                               Red #33                                                                       ______________________________________                                    

The sunscreen emulsion should contain the water-soluble color dye (colorindicator) in an amount sufficient to enable the sunscreen to be readilyvisualized (i.e. colored) when initially applied to the skin, such thatwhen the sunscreen emulsion dries after being spread on the skin and/oris rubbed out using one's hand and/or fingers, the color substantiallydisappears. One or more water-soluble dyes can be employed in thecomposition in an amount ranging from about 0.0005 to about 0.5% byweight of the sunscreen composition, preferably from about 0.002 toabout 0.2%, more preferably from about 0.01 to about 0.05%, mostpreferably from about 0.02 to about 0.04%. Also preferred is that thewater-soluble color dye is a blend of Ext DC violet #2 (95%) and Ext DCred#3 (5%).

sunscreen actives

Accordingly, the compositions of the present invention can contain asunscreening effective amount of one or more oil-soluble orwater-soluble sunscreening UV-B actives or a mixture of one or more UV-Bactives and one or more UV-A actives. UV-A type sunscreening activesprotect against long wavelength actinic radiation of the sun in the 320to 400 nm range and UV-B type sunscreening actives protect againstshorter wavelength, actinic radiation of the sun in the 290-320 nmrange.

Typical sunscreen actives include trade name of para-aminobenzoic acidup to about 15 weight percent or from about 5 to 15% in admixture withother sunscreen actives; cinoxate up to about 3 weight percent or about1 to 3% in admixture; diethanolamine methoxycinnamate up to 10 weightpercent or about 8 to 10% in admixture; digalloyl trioleate up to 5weight percent or about 2 to 5% in admixture; dioxybenzone up to 3weight percent alone or in admixture; ethyl 4-bis(hydroxypropyl)!aminobenzoate up to 5 weight percent or about 1 to 5%in admixture; glyceryl aminobenzoate up to 3 weight percent or about 2to 3% in admixture; homosalate up to 15 weight percent or about 4 to 15%in admixture; lawsone up to 0.25 weight percent with dihydroxyacetone upto 3 weight percent; menthyl anthranilate up to 5 weight percent orabout 3.5 to 5% in admixture; octocrylene up to 10 weight percent or 7to about 10% in admixture; octyl methoxycinnamate up to 7.5 weightpercent or about 2 to 7.5% in admixture; octyl salicylate up to 5 weightpercent or about 3 to 5% in admixture; oxybenzone up to 6 weight percentor about 2 to 6% in admixture; padimate "O" up to 8 weight percent orabout 1.4 to 8% in admixture; phenylbenzimidazole sulfonic acid up to 4weight percent or about 1 to about 4% in admixture; red veterinarypetrolatum up to 95 percent or about 30 to 95% in admixture;sulisobenzone up to 10 weight percent or about 5 to 10% in admixture;titanium dioxide up to 25 weight percent or about 2 to 25% in admixture;and trolamine salicylate up to 12 weight percent or about 5 to 12% inadmixture.

Typical suitable UV-B type sunscreening actives include benzophenone-3,benzophenone-8, substituted para-aminobenzoates, e.g.,alkyl esters ofpara-methoxycinnamate, octyl methoxycinnamate and octylpara-methoxycinnamate, available from Givaudan Corp., Clifton, N.J.07104 under the tradename Parsol MCX and usually present in the range ofabout 2 to 7.5 weight percent or or octyl salicylate available fromHarmann and Riemer, Springfield, N.J., 07081, usually in the range ofabout 3 to 5 weight percent. The amount of UV-B type sunscreening activeshould be sufficient to give an SPF of at least 2 to 15.

Typical suitable UV-A type sunscreening actives include oxybenzone,usually in the range of about 2 to about 6 weight percent. Sunscreenemulsions containing mixtures of UV-B and UV-A type sunscreen activesshould be sufficient to provide an SPF of 2 to 50.

Except as noted otherwise, one or more sunscreen actives can be employedin the present composition in amounts up to 35 weight percent,preferably about 12 to about 30 weight percent of the sunscreencomposition, more preferably from about 5 to about 15 weight percent.

emulsions/emulsifiers

A stable emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible liquids, i.e. liquidsthat are not mutually soluble, but in the presence of an emulsifier, aremechanically agitated and shaken so thoroughly together that one liquidforms drops in the other one, giving the mixture the appearance of ahomogeneous liquid. Liquids can include materials which are solid orsolid-like at room temperature, but will liquify at a higher temperatureduring processing. The presence of an emulsifier enables one of theimmiscible liquids to remain in a continuous form, while allowing theother immiscible liquid to remain in a dispersed droplet form. Thus, onefunction of an emulsifier, a stabilizing compound, is to assist in theproduction of a stable emulsion. A secondary function of emulsifiers isto provide a thickening or "bodying" to an emulsion. Typically,emulsifiers are molecules with non-polar and polar parts that are ableto reside at the interface of the two immiscible liquids. As used hereinin reference to the water-in-oil emulsifiers, the term "HLB value" meansthe hydrophile/lipophile balance. The HLB value has been used by thoseskilled in the emulsion art for selecting emulsifiers useful forpreparing, inter alia, water-in-oil emulsions. See U.S. Pat. No.4,177,259 and references cited therein.

An oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion is a mixture where oil droplets (thediscontinuous phase) are dispersed in water (a continuous aqueousphase). A water-in-oil (w/o) emulsion is a mixture where water droplets(the discontinuous phase) are dispersed in oil (a continuous oil phase).Preferably the composition of the present invention is an oil-in-wateremulsion where the oil-soluble actives are dispersed in the oil phase,prior to mixture with the water phase. The type of emulsion,oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o) formed, is sometimes determinedby the volume ratio of the two liquids provided the ratio issufficiently high. For example, with 5% water and 95% oil (an o/w phaseratio of 19), the emulsion likely will become w/o. For moderate ratios(<3), the type of emulsion is decided by several factors, such as orderof addition or type of emulsifier. One liquid slowly added to a secondliquid with agitation usually results in the second liquid being thecontinuous phase. Another factor is preferred solubility of theemulsifier, the phase in which the emulsifier is soluble most probablyis continuous.

More complex emulsions such as double emulsions are formed where anemulsion is dispersed in an continuous phase. For example, in an oilin-water-in oil (o/w/o) emulsion, the water in a continuous water phasecontaining dispersed oil droplets, are themselves dispersed in acontinuous oil phase. Similarly, in a water-in oil-in water (w/o/w)emulsion, the oil in a continuous phase containing dispersed waterdroplets, are themselves dispersed in a continuous water phase. Thesemore complex emulsions find use as a system for slow delivery,extraction, etc.

Typical suitable emulsifiers having an HLB value about 1 to about 7include sorbitan monooleate, sorbitan sesquioleate, sorbitanisostearate, sorbitan trioleate, PEG-22/dodecyl glycol copolymer,PEG-45/dodecyl glycol copolymer, polyglyceryl-3-diisostearate,polyglycerol esters of oleic/isostearic acid, polyglyceryl-6hexaricinolate, polyglyceryl-4 oleate, polyglyceryl-4 oleate/PEG-8propylene glycol cocoate, oleamide DEA, sodium glyceryl oleate phosphateand hydrogenated vegetable glycerides phosphate.

Other emulsifiers useful in the present invention may be non-ionic,liquid or solid at room temperature and preferably compatible, i.e.,soluble and stable with emollients. Preferred emulsifiers have a HLBvalue of less than about 5, e.g., sorbitan sequioleate (HLB value is3.7), sorbitan monooleate (HLB value is 4.3) and sorbitan trioleate (HLBvalue is 1.8). Other preferred emulsifiers include polymeric emulsifierssuch as copolymers of C₁₀ -C₃₀ alkyl acrylates and one or more monomersof acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, also known as Pemulen® TR1 and TR2,trademark of B. F. Goodrich Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio. Other emulsifiersinclude sorbitan esters such as sorbitan isostearate available as Crill6, tradename of Croda Inc. of New York, N.Y.; polyglyceryl-3 distearateavailable as Cremophor, tradename of tradename of BASF, Parsippany NewJersey; and carbomer, which is a homopolymer of acrylic acid crosslinkedwith an allyl ether of sucrose, available as Carbopol 941, tradename ofB. F. Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio; and surfactants such as such asDEA-cetyl phosphate, also known as Amphisol®, trademark of BernelChemical Co., Englewood, N.J.

During preparation of the emulsion, an acid or a base may be added toadjust the pH of one or more ingredients, e.g. to adjust the viscosityof a polymeric thickener, prior to its inclusion in the sunscreencomposition. For example, triethanolamine, a base, can be used toincrease the pH of the water phase and consequently, modify the desiredviscosity of the emulsion.

The sunscreen can have a pH of about 6.5 to about 8, preferably fromabout 6.5 to about 7.5, more preferably the pH of the sunscreen isneutral, i.e. about 7.0.

Conveniently, one or more emulsifiers can be used in the compositions ofthe present invention in amounts ranging from about 0.05 to about 20weight percent of emulsion, preferably from about 0.1 to about 15%, morepreferably from about 5 to about 10%.

Water

Water is employed in amounts effective to form the emulsion. Forhydrophilic or water-loving ingredients, e.g., emulsifiers, emolients,etc., the amount of water should be sufficient to at least solubilizethese ingredients. For hydrophobic or water-repelling ingredients, thewater should be employed in amounts to serve as the continuous phase ofthe emulsion, at least for oil-in water emulsions. Thus, amount of waterin the emulsion or composition can range from about 2 to 95 weight %,preferably from 50 to 85%.

emollients

An emollient is an oleaginous or oily substance which helps to smoothand soften the skin, and may also reduce its roughness, cracking orirritation. Typical suitable emollients include mineral, oil, having aviscosity in the range of 50 to 500 centipoise (cps), lanolin oil,coconut oil, cocoa butter, olive oil, almond oil, macadamia nut oil,aloe extracts such as aloe vera lipoquinone, synthetic jojoba oils,natural sonora jojoba oils, safflower oil, corn oil, liquid lanolin,cottonseed oil and peanut oil.

Other suitable emollients include squalane, castor oil, polybutene,odorless mineral spirits, sweet almond oil, avocado oil, calophyllumoil, ricin oil, vitamin E acetate, olive oil, silicone oils such asdimethylopolysiloxane and cyclomethicone, linolenic alcohol, oleylalcohol, the oil of cereal germs such as the oil of wheat germ,isopropyl palmitate, octyl palmitate which is commercially available asLexol EHP, tradename of Inolex Co. of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,isopropyl myristate, hexadecyl stearate, butyl stearate, decyl oleate,acetyl glycerides, the octanoates and benzoates of (C₁₂ -C₁₅) alcohols,the octanoates and decanoates of alcohols and polyalcohols such as thoseof glycol and glycerol, ricin oleates of alcohols and poly alcohols suchas those of isopropyl adipate, hexyl laurate and octyl dodecanoate.

Other suitable emollients which are solids or semi-solids at ambienttemperatures may be use in amounts sufficient to provide liquid topicalcompositions. Such solid or semi-solid cosmetic emollients includehydrogenated lanolin, hydroxylated lanolin, acetylated lanolin,petrolatum, isopropyl lanolate, butyl myristate, cetyl myristate,myristyl myristate, myristyl lactate, cetyl alcohol, isostearyl alcoholand isocetyl lanolate. One or more emollients can optionally be includedin the sunscreen emulsion in an amount ranging from about 10 to about 50weight %, preferably about 20 to about 40%.

humectants

A humectant is a moistening agent that promotes retention of water dueto its hygroscopic properties. Suitable humectants include glycerin,polymeric glycols such as poyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol,and sorbitols such as sorbitol solution. One or more humectants canoptionally be included in the in the sunscreen in amounts from about 1to 10 weight %.

dry-feel modifier

A dry-feel modifier is an agent which when added to a emulsion, impartsa "dry feel" to the skin when the emulsion dries. Dry-feel modifiers mayalso reduce sunscreen migration on the skin. Dry feel modifiers caninclude starches, talc, kaolin, chalk, zinc oxide, silicone fluids,inorganic salts such as barium sulfate and sodium chloride, C₆ to C₁₂alcohols such as octanol; sulfonated oils; surface treated silica,precipitated silica, fumed silica such as Aerosil® available from theDegussa Inc. of New York, N.Y. or mixtures thereof; dimethicone, amixture of mixture of methylated linear siloxane polymers, available asDC200 fluid, tradename of Dow Corning, Midland, Mich. One or moredry-feel modifiers can optionally be included in the sunscreen inamounts ranging from 0.01 to about 20 weight %, preferably from about0.5 to about 6 weight %.

waterproofing agents

A waterproofing agent is a hydrophobic material that imparts filmforming and waterproofing characteristics to an emulsion. Typicalsuitable waterproofing agents include copolymers derived frompolymerization of octadecene-1 and maleic anhydride in accordance withthe published procedures such as those in U.S. Pat. No. 3,860,700 andReissue No. 28,475. A preferred waterproofing agent is a polyanhydrideresin, also known as PA-18, tradename of the Chevron Chemicals Co., SanFrancisco, Calif. Another preferred waterproofing agent is a copolymerof vinyl pyrollidone and eicosene monomers such as Ganex Polymer,tradename of ISP Inc. of Wayne, N.J.

By the term "waterproofing effective amount of at least onewaterproofing agent" means the waterproofing agent(s) is used in amountseffective to allow the sunscreen to remain on the skin after exposure tocirculating water for at least 80 minutes using the procedures describedin "Sunscreen Drug Products for OTC Human Use", Federal Register, Vol.43, Aug. 25, 1978, Part 2, pp 38206-38269. One or more waterproofingagents can optionally be included in the sunscreen composition in anamount ranging from about 0.01 to about 10.0 weight percent, preferablyabout 1.0 to about 10.0 percent.

antimicrobial preservative

An antimicrobial preservative is a substance or preparation whichdestroys, prevents or inhibits the multiplication/growth ofmicroorganisms in the sunscreen composition and may offer protectionfrom oxidation. Preservatives are used to make self-sterilizing, aqueousbased products such as emulsions. This is done to prevent thedevelopment of microorganisms that may be in the product from growingduring manufacturing and distribution of the product and during use byconsumers who may inadvertently contaminate the products during normaluse. Typical preservatives include the lower alkyl esters ofpara-hydroxybenzoates (parabens) especially, methylparaben,propylparaben, isobutylparaben and mixtures thereof, benzyl alcohol andbenzoic acid. One or more antimicrobial preservatives can optionally beincluded in the sunscreen composition in an amount ranging from about0.001 to about 10 weight percent, preferably about 0.05 to about 2percent.

antioxidants

An antioxidant is a natural or synthetic substance added to thesunscreen to protect from or delay its deterioration due to the actionof oxygen in the air (oxidation). Anti-oxidants prevent oxidativedeterioration which may lead to the generation of rancidity andnonenyzymatic browning reaction products. Typical suitable antioxidantsinclude propyl, octyl and dodecyl esters of gallic acid, butylatedhydroxyanisole (BHA )(usually as a mixture of ortho and meta isomers),butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), nordihydroguaiaretic acid, vitamin E,vitamin E acetate, vitamin C and alkylated parabens such asmethylparaben and propylparaben. One or more antioxidants can optionallybe included in the sunscreen composition in an amount ranging from about0.001 to about 5 weight percent, preferably about 0.05 to about 2percent.

chelating agents

Chelating agents are substances used to chelate or bind metallic ionswith a certain heterocylic ring structure so that the ion is held bychemical bonds from each of the participating ring. Suitable chelatingagents include ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), EDTA disodium,calcium disodium edetate, EDTA trisodium, EDTA tetrasodium and EDTAdipotassium. One or more chelating agents can optionally be included inthe sunscreen in amounts ranging from about 0.001 to about 0.1 weightpercent.

fragrances

Fragrances are aromatic compounds which can impart an aestheticallypleasing aroma to the sunscreen composition. Typical fragrances includearomatic materials extracted from botanical sources (i.e. rose petals,gardenia blossoms, jasmine flowers, etc.) which can be used alone or inany combination to create essential oils. Alternatively, alcoholicextracts may be prepared for compounding fragrances. One or morefragrances can optionally be included in the sunscreen composition in anamount ranging from about 0.001 to about 10 weight percent, preferablyabout 0.05 to about 5 percent.

dispensers

The sunscreen emulsions of the present invention containing thedisappearing color indicator can be stored or dispensed in any containersuitable for convenient delivery, i.e. pouring or spraying. Suchcontainers can include but are not limited to jars, bottles, lotionpumps, pump spray bottles and aerosols.

Definitions and suppliers of the ingredients used in the followingillustrative examples may be found in the CTFA Cosmetic IngredientDictionary, published by the Cosmetic, Toiletry and FragranceAssociation, Inc., 1110 Vermont Avenue, NW, Wash. D.C. 20005, ThirdEdition 1982. Proportions are by percent weight.

                  EXAMPLE 1                                                       ______________________________________                                        Sunscreen Emulsion With Disappearing Color Indicator                                            Theoretical                                                                              Weight percent                                   Ingredients       Quantity (g)                                                                             (%)                                              ______________________________________                                        Part A--Oil soluble ingredients                                               Stearic Acid      150.0      15.00                                            Parsol MCX        50.0       5.00                                             Oxybenzone        30.0       3.00                                             Jojoba oil        0.5        0.05                                             Aloe Vera Lipoquinone                                                                           0.5        0.05                                             Part B--Water soluble ingredients                                             Water             628.0      62.88                                            Sorbitol Solution 70%                                                                           20.0       2.00                                             Triethanolamine, 99%                                                                            120.0      12.00                                            Violet D&C Dye Blend                                                                            0.2        0.02                                             ______________________________________                                    

Admix the ingredients of Part A in a stainless steel pot at atemperature of 82°-85° C. (160°-165° F.) equipped with a stirrer until ahomogeneous admixture is formed. Similarly admix the ingredients of PartB in a separate pot. Using vigorous stirring, add Part B to Part A untilan emulsion is formed having a violet color and cool to roomtemperature. The D&C Dye Blend imparts a violet color to the sunscreenemulsion, enabling it to be readily visualized when the sunscreenemulsion is initially applied to the skin. When the colored sunscreendries after it is spread on the skin and/or is rubbed out, the violetcolor substantially disappears.

                  EXAMPLE 2                                                       ______________________________________                                        Sunscreen Emulsion With Disappearing Color Indicator                                            Theoretical                                                                              Weight percent                                   Ingredients       Quantity (g)                                                                             (%)                                              ______________________________________                                        Part A--Water soluble ingredients                                             Water             662.20     66.22                                            Pemulen TR-1      4.00       0.40                                             Polyethylene Glycol                                                                             50.00      5.00                                             Disodium EDTA     0.10       0.01                                             Amphisol          3.50       0.35                                             Triethanolamine, 99%                                                                            5.00       0.50                                             DC Green #5       0.20       0.02                                             Part B--Oil soluble ingredients                                               Lexol EHP         80.00      8.00                                             Parsol MCX        67.50      6.75                                             Oxybenzone        30.00      3.00                                             Jojoba Oil        1.00       0.10                                             Vit E Acetate     1.00       0.10                                             Aloe Vera Lipoquinone                                                                           1.00       0.10                                             Methylparaben     3.00       0.30                                             Propylparaben     1.00       0.10                                             Ganex Polymer     20.00      2.00                                             Aerosil           10.00      1.00                                             Part C--Other ingredients                                                     Fragrance         0.50       0.05                                             Starch            50.00      5.00                                             Benzyl Alcohol, NF                                                                              10.00      1.00                                             ______________________________________                                    

Admix the ingredients of Part A in a stainless steel pot at atemperature of 82°-85° C. equipped with a stirrer until a homogeneousadmixture is formed. Similarly admix the ingredients of Part B in aseparate pot. Using vigorous stirring, add Part B to Part A until anemulsion is formed having a green or teal color and cool to 38° C. Stirin the ingredients of Part C until completely dissolved. When thecolored sunscreen dries after it is spread on the skin and/or is rubbedout, the green or teal color substantially disappears.

                  EXAMPLE 3                                                       ______________________________________                                        Sunscreen Emulsion with Disappearing Color Indicator                                            Theoretical                                                                              Weight percent                                   Ingredient Description                                                                          Quantity (g)                                                                             (%)                                              ______________________________________                                        Part A--Oil soluble ingredients                                               Stearic Acid      20.00      2.0000                                           Crill 6           40.00      4.0000                                           Parsol MCX        75.00      7.5000                                           Homosalate        80.00      8.0000                                           Oxybenzone        60.00      6.0000                                           Octyl salicylate  50.00      5.0000                                           Jojoba Oil        0.50       0.0875                                           Aloe Vera Lipoquinone                                                                           0.50       0.0875                                           Propylparaben     1.00       0.1000                                           Cremophor         30.00      3.0000                                           Polyanhydride Resin PA-18                                                                       30.00      3.0000                                           D.C. 200 Fluid    4.00       0.4000                                           Vitamin E acetate 1.00       0.1000                                           Part B--Water soluble ingredients                                             Barium sulfate    17.50      1.7500                                           Carbopol 941      0.25       0.0250                                           Sorbitol Solution, 70%                                                                          50.00      5.0000                                           Triethanolamine, 99%                                                                            22.25      2.2500                                           Methylparaben     2.00       0.2000                                           Disodium EDTA     0.10       0.0100                                           Water             500.00     50.0000                                          FDC Blue #1       0.40       0.0400                                           Part C--Other ingredients                                                     Benzyl Alcohol NF 10.00      1.0000                                           Fragrance         6.00       0.6000                                           ______________________________________                                    

Admix the ingredients of Part A in a stainless steel pot equipped with astirrer at a temperature of 82°-85° C. until a homogeneous admixture isformed. Similarly admix the ingredients of Part B in a separate pot.Using vigorous stirring, add the admixture of Part A to Part B until ancolored emulsion is formed and cool to 45° C. Stir in Part C until theingredients are completely dissolved to give a resultant sunscreenemulsion having a blue color. When the colored sunscreen dries after itis spread on the skin and/or is rubbed out, the blue color substantiallydisappears.

The visualization and disappearance of the sunscreen on the skin can beevaluated using visual, chromatographic and pantone matching systems.

To evaluate the color indicator on the skin, it may be helpful to havean objective, instrumental measurement of colors and intensities.Accordingly, a method has been developed using a Minolta Chroma MeterCR-200, which uses reflected light from a surface and gives results interms of the CIE (International Commission on Illumination) tristimulusvalues. These values are subsequently transformed mathematically intothe L* a* b* color space, wherein the magnitudes of changes in hue andintensity of color correspond closely with those perceived by the humaneye.

L*, being achromatic, ranges from black (L*=O) to white (L*=100); thisterm is called 'metric lightness" and is a measure of how light or darka color is, relative to a matching shade of gray. Hue is measured interms of the chromaticity coordinates a* and b*, where a* indicatesredness (a*>O) and b* indicates yellowness (b*>O). The values of a* andb* can be plotted with a* as the x-axis and b* as the y axis, to givequantitative color information: "metric chroma" is the length of a linefrom the origin (a*=O, b*=O) to the point of a sample reading, while'metric hue angle, is the angle between the a* axis and the metricchroma line. Metric chroma indicates the strength of a color response(i.e., the extent to which a color differs from its matching shade ofgray). Metric hue angle quantifies hue in degrees, with larger valuesindicating more yellow hues and smaller values indicating more red (orless yellow) hues.

The meter can be used to measure a base line skin tone as well asresidual color left on the skin after "rub out" with a number ofsubjects, to establish a target for disappearance of color applied tothe skin.

What is claimed is:
 1. A colored, sunscreen emulsion comprising:(a)about 0.0005 to about 0.5 percent by weight of at least onewater-soluble dye that imparts a color other than white to the sunscreenemulsion, such that when the sunscreen emulsion dries after it is spreadon skin and/or is rubbed into skin, the color substantially disappears;(b) at least one sunscreen active ingredient in an amount effective toprotect against the actinic radiation of the sun; (c) at least oneemulsifier; and (d) sufficient water to form the colored emulsion. 2.The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble dyeis an External DC color or blend of two or more External DC colors. 3.The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble dyeimparts a purple or violet color to the sunscreen emulsion.
 4. Thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 3 which is a mixture of Ext DCviolet #2 and Ext DC red #33.
 5. The colored, sunscreen emulsion ofclaim 1 wherein the amount of the water-soluble dye in the emulsion canrange from about 0.002 to about 0.2 weight percent of the emulsion. 6.The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 wherein the amount of thewater-soluble dye in the emulsion can range from about 0.01 to about0.05 weight percent of the emulsion.
 7. The colored, sunscreen emulsionof claim 1 wherein the amount of the water-soluble dye in the emulsionis about 0.02 to about 0.04 weight percent of the emulsion.
 8. Thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 wherein the emulsion is anoil-in-water emulsion (o/w).
 9. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim1 wherein the emulsion is an water-in-oil emulsion (w/o).
 10. Thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 wherein the emulsion is an oil-inwater-in oil emulsion (o/w/o).
 11. The colored, sunscreen emulsion ofclaim 1 wherein the emulsion is a water-in-oil-in water emulsion(w/o/w).
 12. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1 having a pH ofabout 6.5 to about
 8. 13. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 1having a pH of about 6.5 to about 7.5.
 14. The colored, sunscreenemulsion of claim 1 further comprising one or more emollients.
 15. Thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 14 further comprising one or morewaterproofing agents.
 16. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 15further comprising one or more antimicrobial preservatives.
 17. Thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 16 further comprising one or moredry-feel modifiers.
 18. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim 17further comprising one or more fragrances.
 19. A method for protectingthe skin against sunburn comprising topically applying to the skin thecolored, sunscreen emulsion of claim
 1. 20. The colored, sunscreenemulsion of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble dye imparts a blue colorto the sunscreen emulsion.
 21. The colored, sunscreen emulsion of claim20 wherein the water-soluble dye is FDC Blue #1, FDC Blue #2 or amixture thereof.
 22. A sunscreen emulsion comprising:(a) about 0.002 toabout 0.2 percent by weight of at least one water-soluble dye,sufficient to impart to the emulsion a color other than white which isvisible after the emulsion is spread on skin, but when the sunscreenemulsion subsequently dries and/or is rubbed into skin, the colorsubstantially disappears; (b) at least one sunscreen active ingredient,in an amount effective to protect against solar actinic radiation; (c)at least one emulsifier; and (d) sufficient water to form the emulsion.23. The sunscreen emulsion of claim 22, wherein the dye imparts a purpleor violet color.
 24. The sunscreen emulsion of claim 22, wherein the dyeimparts a green or teal color.
 25. The sunscreen emulsion of claim 22,wherein the dye imparts a blue color.
 26. The sunscreen emulsion ofclaim 22, wherein the dye is present in amounts about 0.01 to about 0.05percent by weight and imparts a color selected from the group consistingof purple, violet, green, teal and blue.